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STATE OF NEBRASKA 

Employment and Certification 
of Teachers 



COMPLETE RULES 



1913 



STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 



STATE OF NEBRASKA 



Employment and 
Certification of Teachers 



COMPLETE RULES 
1913 



JAMES E. DELZELL 

State Superintendent of Public Instruction 

Lincoln, Nebraska 






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"B, W B. 



19 1914 



t^ "Do right and fear not." — Bruce Barnes. 
STATE OF NEBRASKA 

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTIONS 

LINCOLN 



Heads of Departments 

James E. Delzell : State Superintendent 

Robert I. Elliott Deputy State Superintendent 

Anna V. Day Assistant State Superintendent 

G. A. Gregory Normal Training Inspector 

Edith A. Lathrop Rural School Inspector 

Jennie B. Adams Secretary and Compiler 

Assistants 

Effie D. Hulbert Stella R. Trotter 

Pansy O. Myers Ruth E. Wheeler 

Anna L. O'Donnell Martha C. Woods 



Board of Inspectors and Examiners for State 

and Life Certificates. 

E. J. Bodwell Beatrice 

A. E. Fisher Aurora 

N. M. Graham South Omaha 

Board of Examiners for City Certificates 

Alice Florer York 

W. A. Yoder Omaha 

W. R. Pate Alliance 

"Patient endurance attaineth to all things." 

— Longfellow. 



PREFACE 

A word of explanation in regard to the rules 
and regulations as contained in this bulletin 
seems necessary for the encouragement of a 
careful perusal of its pages. 

The city certification law as prepared by For- 
mer State Superintendent Crabtree and the rules 
and regulations formulated by him and his com- 
mittee have been put in force in such a manner 
that no detriment has come to any progressive 
teacher. A few slight changes have been made 
by the committee on city certificates. The county 
superintendents have recommended some few 
revisions in the rules and regulations governing 
county certificates. These changes have been 
made in order that the rules may be more equit- 
able for the teachers in all sections of the state. 

We are anxious that progressive teachers take 
an active interest in all professional work. Such 
teachers are the ones who are promoted by the 
force of their active interest in the best methods 
of education. Hence, this booklet will be of 
interest to any one who has the correct vision 
of the teacher's place in the training of citizens 
of the highest type. 

Sincerely yours, 

JAS. E. DELZELL, 
State Superintendent. 



EMPLOYMENT OF TEACHERS 



I. QUALIFIED TEACHERS. 

(a) In general: No person shall be accounted 
a qualified teacher, within the meaning of the 
law, who has not a certificate in force. School 
Laws, Sec. 1, Subd. IX. 

A school board cannot make a contract that 
will bind the district with a teacher who does 
not hold a valid certificate, and members of 
the board will be personally liable to the district 
for money paid to a teacher who is not legally 
qualified. 13 Neb. 52. 

(b) In high school districts (Subd. VI.): No 
person shall be granted a certificate to teach 
in the high school department of any high school 
district who is not a graduate from a regular 
four year course of a college or university or 
a graduate of the advanced course of a standard 
normal school, or who does not hold a pro- 
fessional state certificate obtained from the state 
superintendent on examination. See School 
Laws, Sec. 17, Subd. IXa. 

No person shall be eligible to teach in the 
grades below the high school department in 
any high school district who does not hold at 
least a county second grade certificate or the 
equivalent. See School Laws, Sec. 18, Subd. IXa. 

(c) In cities (Subd. XIV) : No person shall 
be elected to a position in any city school as 
teacher, principal, supervisor, or superintendent 
who does not hold the legal city certificate en- 
titling him to teach in the grades or subjects to 
which elected. School Laws, Sec. 19, Subd. XIV. 



6 ■ Election of Teachers 

II. ELECTION OF TEACHERS. 

Superintendent: The board of education may 
at any regular meeting elect one superintendent 
of public instruction, at such salary as the board 
may deem best, and they may enter into con- 
tract with him for a term of not to exceed 
three years. 

Teachers: The election of superintendent and 
teachers shall be by ballot, and no person shall 
be declared elected except he receive the vote 
oif the majority of all members of the board. See 
School Laws, Sec. 8, Subd. XIV. 

Note 1: It is held that the board of education is a 
continuous body and may elect teachers at any 
time. It is urged that they do this not later each 
year than the regular meeting in May. 

Note: It is held that no teacher, principal or super- 
intendent can be legally employed in districts 
organized under Subdivisions VI and XIV, except 
on a formal election at a meeting of the school 
board. 

Note 3: School officers are urged to make the tenure 
of the teacher's office more permanent. In many 
states one election is sufficient during satisfactory 
service, and is terminated only by reasonable no- 
tice by either party. 

III. CONTRACTS WITH TEACHERS. 

(a) Legal contract: A legal contract cannot 
be made with a teacher who is not properly 
qualified, Members of the board should see 
the applicant's certificate, as it is a necessary 
evidence of qualification. The contract should 
be signed on the part of the district by the 
president and secretary of the board of edu- 
cation and by the teacher. It should be made 
out in duplicate and specify the wages per 
month, the length of term, and the duties to 
be performed. However, a contract need not 
be in writing, provided it can be proved that 
the teacher was elected by the board, that he 
was notified of such election and clearly indi- 



Election of Teachers 7 

cated his acceptance. See Decisions, Sec. 11, 
Subd. IV, School Laws. 

(b) Violation of contract: Either party vio- 
lating the provisions of a teacher's contract 
would be answerable in damages to the aggriev- 
ed party. In case a teacher breaks a con- 
tract the board has a right of action on the 
original contract and may maintain: (1) A suit 
to obtain damages for loss sustained by the 
breach; (2) a suit to obtain specific ..perform- 
ance of the contract by the teacher. Or, if 
the court were to find it difficult to assess 
damages, or should fail to enforce a specific 
performance because it cannot supervise or in- 
sure its execution, they could, by injunction, 
enforce the promise not to teach elsewhere dur- 
ing the time covered by the injunction. See 
Clark on Contract, 702. 

IV. DISCHARGE OF TEACHERS. 

(a) By action of the board: A school board 
has the right to discharge a teacher for cause. 
The only course then open to the teacher is 
an action for damages, and the question of 
drawing pay for the full time of the contract 
would be determined by process of law. See 
Decisions, Sec. 11, Subd. IV, School Laws. 

(b) By revocation of certificate: The revoca- 
tion of the certificate shall terminate the em- 
ployment of a teacher in the school where he 
or she may be employed. Only the authority 
granting a certificate has the power to revoke 
it and then only for such cause as would have 
required such authority to refuse to grant it 
if known at the time. No certificate shall be 
revoked without due notice from the proper 
authority, and an opportunity given the teacher 
to explain or defend his or her conduct. School 
Laws, Sec. 13, Subd. IXa. 



CERTIFICATION OF TEACHERS 
Requirements for County Certificates 

I. FIRST GRADE COUNTY CERTIFICATE. 

1. Valid in county where granted and for 
two or three years. 

2. Based on second grade branches and re- 
quires satisfactory grades in algebra, botany, 
geometry, and physics. 

3. Twelve weeks' normal training in col- 
lege, university or normal school, junior normal 
school or Nebraska approved high school, or 
one or more years' successful experience as a 
teacher. 

Note: For all credential purposes the county first 
grade and the state second grade (elementary) are 
considered equivalent. County certificates are not 
valid in schools governed by Subd. XIV. 

II. SECOND GRADE COUNTY CERTIFICATE. 

1. Valid in county where granted and for one 
or two years. 

2. Based on third grade branches and re- 
quires satisfactory grades in civil government, 
bookkeeping, blackboard drawing, theory and 
art of teaching, and elements of agriculture. 

3. Eight weeks' normal training in college, 
university or normal school, junior normal 
school, or Nebraska approved high school, or one 
or more years' experience. 

III. THIRD GRADE COUNTY CERTIFICATE. 

1. Valid in county where granted not .to ex- 
ceed one year. 

2. Based on examination in orthography, 
reading, penmanship, geography, arithmetic, 
physiology and hygiene, English composition, 
mental arithmetic, English grammar, and United 
States history. 



County Certificates 9 

3. No normal training or teaching experience 
required. 

4. No person shall teach more than one school 
year on a third grade certificate. 

5. A third grade certificate shall not extend 
beyond July 1 following its issuance. 

IV. EMERGENCY CERTIFICATE. 

1. In emergencies arising from a scarcity of 
teachers. 

2. Granted only by state superintendent on 
recommendation of county superintendent. 

3. Good in specified district for a specified 
term of school. 

4. Holder must attend examinations and write 
on at least two subjects at each regular exami- 
nation until certificate is earned. 

V. TEMPORARY PERMIT. 

1. Granted by county superintendent. 

2. Good until the result of the next regular 
examination is known. 

3. No person may receive more than one per- 
mit. 

4. Form for permit. 

Temporary Permit. 

This certifies that I believe 

has the necessary' qualifications to teach and 

that I hereby give permission to teach 

in district of 

county until the results of the next regular ex- 
aminations are received. This permit becomes 
invalid at once if the holder fails in the exam- 
ination. 
Date 

County Superintendent. 



10 Examination 

ISSUANCE OF COUNTY CERTIFICATES. 

A certificate shall take the date on which it is 
filled out and issued by the county superintend- 
ent. 

County superintendents should report to the 
state superintendent all certificates issued, on 
or before the first day of the following months: 
February, April, June, August, October, Decem- 
ber. 

EXAMINATION FOR CERTIFICATES. 

1. Examinations shall be held on the third 
Friday and following Saturday of each of the 
months of November, January, March and May; 
and upon the special request of five or more 
county superintendents, at such other times as 
the state superintendent shall direct, provided 
such request is made at least thirty days in ad- 
vance. There shall be one special examination 
on the last Thursday and following Friday of 
July each year. Other special dates may be fixed 
by the state superintendent. 

; 2. Examinations shall be conducted by the 
county superintendent or other person named 
by him at the county seat, and at such other 
places as may seem best to the state superin- 
tendent. Institutions authorized by law to grant 
state certificates may also be designated to con- 
duct examinations for county certificates, and 
shall report such examinations direct to the state 
department. 

3. The packages of questions shall not be 
opened until the day for their use and then in 
the presence of the class at the hour for begin- 
ning the examination. 

4. All answers must be written in ink, on 
one side of the paper only, using material sup- 
plied by the examiner. The name of the county, 
the date of the examination, the name of the 



Examination 11 

subject, and the number of the applicant must 

appear on each answer sheet. 

. 5. All written work should be in clear and 

concise language. A complete solution of all 

problems in arithmetic and algebra should be 

submitted. 

6. Answers must be numbered in the middle 
of the page to correspond with the questions. 
Carelessly written or illegible manuscripts 
should not be handed in as they cannot receive 
full credit. 

7. No applicant shall leave the room or com- 
municate with any other applicant, or with any 
visitor, except "by permission of the one in charge 
of the examination. 

8. Each applicant must avoid even the ap- 
pearance of receiving aid of any kind, as the 
use of any books, notes, memoranda, or helps 
of any description is strictly forbidden. 

9. Collusion or dishonesty on the part of any 
applicant will invalidate not only his own paper 
but that of the person rendering the assistance. 
Each applicant must protect the integrity of 
his own manuscript. 

10. An applicant may write on one or more 
subjects at any examination, but it is recom- 
mended that no applicant write on more than 
five subjects on any examination day. 

11. The conductor of an examination must 
see that each manuscript handed in bears the 
writer's correct examination number, and that 
manuscripts are grouped by subjects and a cor- 
rect tally made to accompany the examination 
papers. 

Note: Failure to follow this rule will cause extra 
correspondence and delay in reporting grades. 

12. At the close of the> examination all manu- 
scripts must be forwarded at once prepaid to 
the state superintendent for examination, mark- 



12 Examination 

ing, filing, and recording. Papers not promptly 
received will not be graded until a satisfactory- 
explanation of the delay is furnished. The record 
of the standings of each applicant will be re- 
ported within thirty days to the county superin- 
tendent or institution where examination was 
given. 

13. All papers are marked on the scale of 
100 per cent. The minimum for a third grade 
certificate is an average of 70 with no grade 
below 60; for the second grade an average of 
75 with no grade below 65; for a first grade an 
average of 80 with no grade below 70 in any 
subject. A certificate having an average of 85 
with no grade below 80 may be designated a 
"With Credit' ' certificate; one having an aver- 
age of 90 with no grade below 85 a "With Honor" 
certificate. These minimums cannot be decreas- 
ed but may be increased by the county superin- 
tendent for his county. 

14. Within ten days after receiving the report 
the county superintendent shall notify each 
applicant of the result of the examination. 
Answer papers cannot be returned to the appli- 
cant, but will be kept on file at the state depart- 
ment for thirty days after the report is made 
to the county superintendent for purposes of 
review when necessary. 

Note: In case of error in report of grades, notify 
state department at once, so correction can be 
made while the papers are available for reference. 

15. Conductors of examinations must adhere 
strictly to the following program: 

First Day, a. m. Bookkeeping, civil govern- 
ment, orthography, mental arithmetic, penman- 
ship. 

First Day, p. m. Elements of agriculture, 
physiology and hygiene, blackboard drawing, 
English composition, theory and art of teaching. 

Second Day, a. m. Algebra, geometry, read- 
ing, arithmetic. 



Reissuing Certificates 13 

Second Day, p. m. Botany, physics, geogra- 
phy, United States history, English grammar. 

REISSUING CERTIFICATES. 

1. By law not more than one permit to teach 
until the results of the next regular examination 
are received can be granted by the county super- 
intendent to the same person. The emergency 
certificate will only be issued in case of a scarcity 
of teachers. A third grade certificate cannot be 
reissued. 

2. A second grade certificate, below the 
"With Credit" requirements, may be reissued if 
the holder registers and earns passing grades in 
at least three subjects below 80, if there be that 
many below, and passes the * required test in 
professional work; or earns a passing grade in 
one first grade subject and passes the * required 
test in professional work. 

3. A second grade "With Credit" or "With 
Honor" certificate earned and issued on or be- 
fore July 1, 1912, may be reissued if the holder 
registers and passes the * required test in pro- 
fessional work. A second grade "With Credit" 
or "With Honor" certificate issued after July 1, 
1912, may be reissued if the holder registers and 
secures a passing grade in t one first grade sub- 
ject and passes the * required test in professional 
work, or presents satisfactory credits for. eight 
weeks' work in an approved school. 

4. A first grade certificate, below "With 
Credit" requirements, may be reissued if the 
holder registers and earns passing grades in at 
least four subjects below 80, if there be that 
many below, and passes the * required test in 
professional work; or earns passing grades in 
one state certificate subject and passes the * 
required test in professional work. 

* See * next page. 
| See f next page. 



14 Transferring Certificate Grades 

5. A first grade "With Credit" or "With 
Honor" certificate earned and issued on or be- 
fore July 1, 1912, may be reissued if the holder 
registers and passes the * required test in profes- 
sional work. A first grade "With Credit" or 
"With Honor" certificate issued after July 1, 
1912, may be reissued if the holder registers and 
secures a passing grade in f one state certificate 
subject and passes the * required test in profes- 
sional work, or presents satisfactory credits for 
eight weeks' work in an approved school. 

*The required test in professional work shall be 
a passing grade in an examination given by the 
state superintendent in the reading circle work for 
one year during the life of the certificate to be re- 
issued, as set forth on page 10 of the reading circle 
bulletin for 1912-1913; or in lieu thereof passing 
grades in the five essentials, or satisfactory credits 
for eight weeks' work in an approved schoolf or five 
hours college work during life of certificate to be 
renewed, approved by the county superintendent. 
Other requirements of the county superintendent in 
professional work must be complied with. 

fin lieu of this one advanced subject, passing 
gradeis in the five essentials will be accepted, upon 
recommendation of the county superintendent, if a 
passing grade has been earned in the reading circle 
work. 

TRANSFERRING CERTIFICATE GRADES. 

1. If an applicant has completed the examina- 
tion for a desired certificate and wishes to have 
the certificate issued in another county, he must 
register in the new county, pay the regular fee, 
and secure an examination number. The county 
superintendent may then request the record of 
the applicant to be transferred to his county by 
the state department. He may then issue the 
certificate or make such examination require- 
ments as may be proper before issuing it. 

2. If the applicant desires to complete his 
examination in another county he must register 
as above. The superintendent of the new county 
may then request all grades already earned to 



Credentials for Certificates 15 

be transferred to his county by the state depart- 
ment and then make the additional legal re- 
quirements. 

3. If the holder of an unexpired certificate 
wishes it transferred he must register in the 
new county as above. The county superintendent 
may then request the record of the applicant 
to be transferred by the state department and 
issue the certificate. The new certificate must 
not in any case be extended beyond the date 
for the expiration of the original certificate. 

4. If candidate has a number in county to 
which his record is to be transferred, no extra 
charge will be made for transfer. 

A transfer does not exhaust examination ' and 
certification rights on number on which transfer 
is made. 

5. The transfer of a candidate's record from 
one county to another terminates all examina- 
tion rights on registrations made in the .county 
from which the record is transferred, prior to the 
time of transfer. 

6. The holder of a county certificate granted 
by another state desiring recognition in Ne- 
braska must register as above. The Nebraska 
county superintendent may request that all 
grades of 80 or above, if earned before a state 
examining board, be recorded by the state de- 
partment and require the applicant to pass ex- 
amination in all subjects below 80 included in 
the desired certificate. If the grades were not 
earned before a state examining boards all 
grades of 80 or above in the non-essentials will 
be accepted, and the applicant must take exam- 
ination in the five essentials, viz: arithmetic, 
reading, history, geography, and grammar, and 
in all other subjects included in the desired cer- 
tificate for whfch no grades are given, 



16 Credentials for Certificates 

RECOGNITION OF CREDENTIALS FOR 
CERTIFICATES. 

1. To receive recognition for the completion 
of the normal training course of a recognized 
high school, the applicant must be a graduate 
of the high school with not less man 28 univer- 
sity entrance credits and have completed the 
normal training course as prescribed by the 
state superintendent. He may have his univer- 
sity grades allowed for a county certificate on 
the following subjects with scope of work as 
indicated: Algebra (3), botany (1), geometry 
(2), physics (2), agriculture (1), English (4), 
civics (1), physiology (1), and bookkeeping (1). 
Grades in the foregoing subjects may be placed 
upon the county superintendent's record only 
when certified to him by the state superintend- 
ent. Passing grades in all other certificate sub- 
jects must be secured on examination. The 
county superintendent may then issue a second 
grade certificate for one year. After one year's 
successful teaching the applicant may register 
and receive a first grade county certificate if his 
grades meet the required standards. 

2. To have a second grade state (elementary) 
certificate, issued by a standard Nebraska col- 
lege, university or normal school, recognized 
in any county, the holder must have it recorded 
with the county superintendent, paying the fee 
as required by law. 

The holder of a second grade (elementary) 
state certificate may receive a first grade county 
certificate by earning passing grades on exam- 
ination in the five essentials, viz., reading, geog- 
raphy, grammar, arithmetic, and history, and in 
all other subjects for which no grades are given. 

The grades in the other required subjects will 
be accepted and made state grades upon the ap- 
proval and request of the county superintendent 
of the proper county. These grades must be re- 



.._■-.*- 



Credentials for Certificates , 17 

ported to the state superintendent and certified 
by him to the county superintendent before they 
may be placed on county records. 

3. To have a first grade state certificate, 
issued by a standard Nebraska college, univer- 
sity or normal school recognized in any county, 
the holder must have it recorded with the 
county superintendent, paying the fee as re- 
quired by law. 

4. To receive recognition for a diploma from 
an advanced course of a standard normal school 
in another state the holder must register for 
examination in the regular manner. The county 
superintendent may then supply "A" or passing 
grades to be recorded by the state department 
and issue a first grade county certificate. 

5. To receive recognition for a college or uni- 
versity degree the holder must register for ex- 
amination in the regular manner and furnish 
evidence of at least one year's successful experi- 
ence in teaching, or evidence of twelve college 
hours in education. The county superintendent 
may supply "A" or passing grades to be recorded 
by the state department, then issue a first grade 
county certificate. 

6. No grade should be placed on county super- 
intendent's record until it has been certified to 
him by the state department. 

7. To receive recognition for a college or uni- 
versity degree without a year's experience and 
without the required professional work, the 
holder must register in the regular manner and 
secure passing grades in at least all third grade 
branches. The county superintendent may then 
issue the regular third grade county certificate. 
At the end of one year's experience Rule 5 will 
govern. 

8. To receive recognition for any grade of 
city state certificate the holder must register 
in the regular manner. The county superintend- 



18 Validity of Certificates 

ent may, if the certificate is then in force, re- 
quest the proper transfer of grades to be made 
by the state department and issue a county 
certificate. 

VALIDITY OF CERTIFICATES. 

1. The county superintendent's permit to 
teach until the results of the next regular ex- 
amination are received is valid only in a speci- 
fied district of the county where issued. 

2. The emergency certificate granted by the 
state superintendent is valid in a specified dis- 
trict for a specified term of school, the holder 
being required to attend teachers' examinations 
and write on such subjects as the county super- 
intendent may direct. 

3. The third grade county certificate is valid 
in the county where granted and for a term not 
to exceed one year from date of issuance. 

4. The second grade county certificate is valid 
in the county where granted for a term of not 
less than one nor more than two years from the 
date of issuance, at the discretion of the county 
superintendent. 

5. The first grade county certificate is valid 
in the county where granted for a term of not 
less than two nor more than three years from 
the date of issuance, at the discretion of the 
county superintendent. 

6 The second grade (elementary) state cer- 
tificate is valid for a term of not less than one 
nor more than three years, at the discretion of 
the county superintendent of the county in 
which the holder shall teach, on condition that 
the legal recording fee has been paid. 

7. The first grade state certificate, if legally 
recorded, is valid in any county in the state for 
a term of three years from the date of issuance. 

8. The professional state certificate, if legally 
recorded, is valid in any county in the state for 



*■ 



Fees and Registration 19 

life, provided the holder does not permit three 
years to lapse without following some educa'- 
tional pursuit. To restore it to validity a new 
certificate must be issued by the state super- 
intendent. 

9. To avoid confusion and secure uniformity 
in the expiration of certificates the word "year" 
is construed to mean the school year, and all 
county certificates should be made to expire on 
the date of July 1. Illustration: A certificate 
issued in November good for one year should 
expire on July 1 following, If good for two 
years it should expire one year from the fol- 
lowing July 1. 

Note: A certificate is valid in county where granted 
during life of certificate regardless of transfer of 
grades. 

Note: The above certificates are not valid in schools 
governed by Subd. XIV of the School Laws. For 
their use as credentials to obtain city certificates, 
see rules on recognition for city state certificates. 

FEES AND REGISTRATION. 

1. The holder of a state certificate — second 
grade (elementary), first grade, or professional 
— shall, before he begins to teach in any county, 
have the same recorded in the office of the 
county superintendent of such county and pay 
the legal fee of one dollar into the institute 
fund of such county. 

2. Each applicant who is examined for a 
county certificate shall pay one dollar and fifty 
cents to the county superintendent, one dollar 
of which goes to the teachers' institute fund 
and fifty cents to the state superintendent to de- 
fray the expense of examination. 

3. To register for an examination the appli- 
cant must fill out the enrollment blank, pay the 
fee of $1.50, and secure an examination number 
from the conductor. For the purpose of identifi- 
cation this number, and not the name of the ap- 



20 Fees and Registration 

plicant, must appear on every answer manu- 
script submitted. 

4. When the examination is taken at an in- 
stitution designated by the state superintendent 
the applicant shall pay a fee of fifty cents only, 
to be forwarded by the conductor to the state 
superintendent. This registration and examina- 
tion number shall convey no examination or 
certificate rights elsewhere. The grades earned 
may be transferred to any county in the regular 
way. 

5. Should an applicant feel that an error 
has been made he may have his manuscript re- 
examined by a competent disinterested per- 
son, provided he forwards a fee of fifty cents for 
each subject complained of to pay for re-exam- 
ination and tracing of error. Should an error 
in his favor be discovered in marking any sub- 
ject, the fee for re-examination of such subject 
will be refunded, and the error corrected. 

6. A registration entitles . the applicant to 
write once on all subjects required for a county 
certificate of any grade, provided he writes on 
each subject in the list for the desired certifi- 
cate before he is permitted to register for a new 
examination number. 

7. On a new registration the applicant may 
receive credit for all passing grades earned on a 
previous registration. 

8. The issuance of a certificate to a candidate 
will terminate the rights on registrations made 
prior to the date of granting the certificate. 

9. When writing on a subject on which he 
has failed to secure a passing grade the appli- 
cant must satisfy the county superintendent that 
he has made additional preparation since the 
last failure. 



Note: The fee for the emergency certificate is the 
same as for county certificate and entitles the ap- 
plicant to take the prescribed examinations. 



t ■ 



Requirements for City State Certificates 21 



Requirements for City State 
Certificates 

CLASSES: Kindergarten, Primary, Grammar, 
High School, Special Supervisor, Superin- 
tendent. 

GRADES OF EACH CLASS: Second Grade, 
First Grade, Professional. 

PREPARATION FOR EACH GRADE: 

I. ACADEMIC SUBJECTS— List A: Rhet- 
oric, Literature, Geology, Physical Geography, 
Zoology, General History, Chemistry, and Trig- 
onometry. 

II. PROFESSIONAL SUBJECTS— List B: 
Psychology, Child .Study, School Hygiene, The- 
ory of Education, School Management, History 
of Education, Industrial Education, and Moral 
Education. 

III. SPECIAL METHODS: Kindergarten, Pri- 
mary, Grammar, High School Departments. 

IV. EXPERIENCE: Training School and Pub- 
lic School. 



Note: The above points are stated for reference 
purposes, and the following outline covers the 
work necessary to earn a city certificate by exam- 
ination. It also indicates the work that must be 
covered by credentials submitted to secure a cer- 
tificate without examination. 



22 Kindergarten Certificate 



KINDERGARTEN CERTIFICATE 

I. Second Grade. Good for one year. 

1. Academic — Not less than a county first 
grade, or graduation from a four year ac- 
credited high school and a second grade 
county certificate. 

2. Professional — Psychology. 

3. Experience — One year in kindergarten 
training school, or one year as kinder- 
garten cadet. 

II. First Grade. Good for three years. 

1. Academic — Second grade kindergarten and 
three subjects from List A. 

2. Professional — Second grade and two ad- 
ditional subjects from List B. 

3. Experience — Second grade and one year's 
teaching. 

III. Professional. Good for life. 

1. Academic — First grade kindergarten and 
two additional subjects from List A. 

2. Professional — First grade and two addi- 
tional subjects from List B. 

3. Special — First grade and thesis on kinder- 
garten topic to be prepared under direction 
of a recognized institution, or the state 
department. 

4. Experience — First grade and two additional 
years' teaching. 



Primary Certificate 23 



PRIMARY CERTIFICATE. 

I. Second Grade. Good for one year. 

1. Academic — Not less than a county first 
grade, or graduation from a four year high 
school and a second grade county certifi- 
cate. 

2. Professional — Psychology. 

3. Special — Primary methods, eight weeks' 
credit or examination. 

4. Experience — A year , in primary training 
school or two years' teaching. 

II. First Grade. Good for three years. 

1. Academic — Second grade primary and four 
subjects from List A. 

2. Professional — Second^ grade and three ad- 
ditional subjects from List B. 

3. Experience — Second grade and one year's 
teaching. 

III. Professional. Good for ilfe. 

1. Academic — First grade primary and two 
additional subjects from List A. 

2. Professional — First grade and two addi- 
tional subjects from List B. 

3. Special — First grade and thesis on primary 
topic, to be prepared under direction of a 
recognized institution, or the state depart- 
ment. 

4. Experience — First grade and two additional 
year's teaching. 



-t rniTf- i -i-i rn ■■— ii !■ n iMiiNw^ndirtiniti—i 



24 Grammar Certificate 



GRAMMAR CERTIFICATE. 

I. Second Grade. Good for one year. 

1. Academic — First grade county and one sub- 
ject from List A. 

2. Professional — Psychology and school man- 
agement. 

3. Special — Grammar methods, eight weeks' 
credit or examination. 

4. Experience — A year in training school or 
two years of teaching. 

II. First Grade. Good for three years. 

1. Academic — Second grade grammar and 
three additional subjects from List A. 

2. Professional — Second grade and three ad- 
ditional subjects from List B. 

3. Experience — Second grade and one addi- 
tional year's teaching. 

III. Professional. Good for life. 

1. Academic — First grade grammar and all 
subjects from List A. 

2. Professional — First grade and all subjects 
from List B. 

3. Special — First grade and thesis on gram- 
mar topic, to be prepared under direction 
of a recognized institution, or the state 
department. 

4. First grade and two additional years' 
teaching. 



Note: A grade or department supervisor must hold 
the professional certificate of the class which in- 
cludes the work to be supervised. 



High School Certificate 25 

HIGH SCHOOL CERTIFICATE. 

I. Second Grade. Good for one year. 

1. Academic — First grade county and all sub- 
jects from List A and the equivalent of 
*eight college hours above .the four year 
high school in the department for which 
certificate is desired. 

2. Professional — Psychology and school man- 
agement. 

3. Experience — A year in training school or 
one year's teaching. 

II. First Grade. Good for three years. 

1. Academic — Second grade high school. 

2. Professional — Second grade and three addi- 
tional subjects from List B. 

3. Experience — Second "grade and one addi- 
tional year's teaching in high school. 

III. Professional. Good for life. 

1. Academic — First grade high school. 

2. Professional — First grade and all subjects 
from List B. 

*The eight college hours shall be above the fol- 
lowing minimum high school requirements: Botany ; 
1 .semester; chemistry, 1 semester; English, 3 years;' 
German, 2 years; history, 2 years; Latin, 4 years; 
mathematics, 2 years; physics, 1 year. Other sub- 
jects will require eight hours above the standard 
high school requirements. 

3. Special — First grade and thesis on high 
school topic, to be prepared under direction 
of a recognized institution. 

4. Experience — First grade and two addition- 
al years' teaching in high school. 



Note: See notes 1 and 2 on page 32. 



26 Special Supervisor Certificate 



SPECIAL SUPERVISOR CERTIFICATE. 

Graduation from a recognized special training 
school shall be accepted in lieu of Requirements 1, 2 
and 3, in each grade of certificate. For a profes- 
sional certificate three years' experience is required. 
The holder of an emergency certificate must meet 
Requirement 2 — graduation from a standard college 
assumed as academic preparation for all higher cer- 
tificates. 

I. Second Grade. Good for one year. 

1. Academic — Not less than a county first 
grade, or graduation from a four year high 
school and a second grade county certifi- 
cate. 

2. Professional — Psychology. 

3. Special — Methods for the departments for 
which certificate is desired. 

4. Experience — One year in departmental 
training school or conservatory, or the 
equivalent. 

II. First Grade. Good for three years. 

1. Academic — Second grade supervisor and 
one subject from List A. 

2. Professional — Second grade and two addi- 
tional subjects from List B. 

3. Special — Second grade. 

4. Experience — Second grade and one year's 
teaching and supervising department. 

III. Professional. Good for life. 

1. Academic — First grade supervisor and two 
additional subjects from List A. 

2. Professional — First grade and two addi- 
tional subjects from List B. 

3. Special — First grade and thesis on depart- 
mental topic, to be prepared under direc- 
tion of a recognized institution. 

4. Experience — First grade and two additional 
years' teaching. 



Note: The departments are Music, Manual Training, 
Domestic Science, Physical Education, Commercial 
and Art. 



Superintendent Certificate 27 



SUPERINTENDENT CERTIFICATE. 

I. First Grade. Good for three years. 

1. Academic — High school professional certifi- 
cate. 

,2. Professional — High school professional cer- 
tificate. 

3. Special — Two and one-half hours' college 
credit in each of the following: Super- 
vision of instruction and sanitation. 

4. Experience — One year as principal of a 
school employing at least four teachers, 
exclusive of the principal. 

II. Professional. Good for life. 

1. Academic — First grade superintendent cer- 
tificate. 

2. Professional — First grade superintendent 
certificate. 

3. Special — First grade superintendent and 
thesis on school organization and admin- 
istration. 

4. Experience — First grade and two addition- 
al years as principal or superintendent. 



Note 1: Experience as a county superintendent shall 
be considered equivalent in every way to experi- 
ence as a high school principal or superintendent. 

Note 2: The thesis or paper shall be prepared under 
the direction of a recognized institution, and prop- 
erly reported to the state superintendent. 



28 Examination for Certificates 

ISSUANCE OF CITY STATE CERTIFICATES. 

City certificates shall be granted as state 
certificates, under rules prescribed by the state 
superintendent of public instruction, and such 
certificates shall consist of six general classes as 
follows: (1) Kindergarten, (2) primary, (3) 
grammar, (4) high school, (5) special supervisor, 
and (6) superintendent. School Laws, Sec. 5, 
Subd. IXa. 

The rules are given under the following heads, 
and have the force of law: Examination for Cer- 
tificates; Reissuing Certificates; Recognition of 
Credentials for Certificates; Validity of Certifi- 
cates; Fees and Registration. 

EXAMINATION FOR CERTIFICATES. 

1. There shall be four regular examinations 
yearly in November, January, March and May 
and a special in July as arranged for county 
certificates, and such other special examinations 
as shall be thought advisable by the state super- 
intendent. 

2. These examinations shall be held in all 
cities whose schools are governed by Subd. XIV 
of the School Laws, unless it is found advisable 
to hold them at the county seat. They shall be 
conducted by the county superintendent, the city 
superintendent, or other person designated by 
the state superintendent. 

3. The examination shall be conducted, and 
the manuscripts collected and forwarded to the 
state department in the same manner as those of 
the uniform county examinations. 

4. All manuscripts shall be graded and the 
records kept and reports made in the same man- 
ner as for the uniform county examinations. The 
passing grade is 80. 

5. The first grade county certificate, or state 
second grade (elementary) certificate, or the 
equivalent, will be taken as the minimum aca- 



Reissuing Certificates 29 

demic basis or foundation of all city state cer- 
tificates. 

6. Examinations may be taken in the required 
professional (List B) branches for each of the 
grades of the various classes of city certificates; 
or the grades earned in the standard normal 
school, college or university may be accepted in- 
stead, provided they meet the following mini- 
mum requirements: Psychology 5 hours, child 
study 2% hours, history of education 5 hours, 
industrial education 2 1 / 2 hours, moral education 
(ethics) 2V2 hours, school hygiene 2% hours, 
school management (including observation, 
methods and principles of education) 5 hours, 
theory of education 5 hours. 

7. To secure a city state certificate by exam- 
ination the applicant must pass in all the acade- 
mic (List A) subjects required in the outline 
for the desired grade of certificate. No credits 
in academic subjects earned in an institution 
will be accepted unless the applicant is a gradu- 
ate of the institution. 

8. To secure certification to teach in a desired 
department of high school work, the applicant 
must show evidence of at least eight college 
hours' credit (above high school course) in the 
work of the department. See * page 25. 

REISSUING CERTIFICATES. 

1. The provision of the law relative to teach- 
ers employed by city boards for the school year 
1910-1911 is met by validation of certificates in 
force at the time the law was passed, making 
such certificates serve as city state certificates 
under existing restrictions as to duration and 
place. 

2. A second grade city state certificate, may 
be reissued on (1) the completion of the profes- 
sional work and satisfactory credits for eight 
weeks' work in an approved school, or (2) upon 
passing examination in at least one subject 



r,a»l | ■!■ JH-| 



30 Credentials for Certificates 

counting toward a first grade city certificate and 
the completion of the required professional 
work. 

3. A first grade city state certificate may be 
reissued (1) on the completion of the profession- 
al work and satisfactory credits for eight weeks ' 
work in an approved school, or (2) upon passing 
examination in at least two subjects counting 
toward a professional certificate, and the com- 
pletion of the required professional work. 

4. A professional city certificate shall lapse if 
the holder permits three years to pass without 
following some educational pursuit. 

RECOGNITION OF CREDENTIALS FOR 
CERTIFICATES. 

1. First Grade County Certificate. 

A first grade county certificate will be accept- 
ed as academic preparation for the city kinder- 
garten and primary second grade certificate. It 
will be accepted as professional preparation only 
so far as the experience of the holder will justify, 
2. Second Grade (Elementary) State Certificate. 

A second grade (elementary) state certificate 
will be accepted as academic preparation for the 
city kindergarten and primary second grade cer- 
tificate. It will also be accepted as professional 
preparation for such certificate as the profes^ 
sional instruction received will justify. 

3. First Grade State Certificate. 

(a) A professional state certificate, based on 
standard normal school will be accepted as a sat- 
isfactory basis in every respect for the issuance 
of the city certificate of the corresponding class. 

(b) A first grade state certificate issued by 
the University of Nebraska or a Nebraska stand- 
ard college or university, will be accepted as a 
satisfactory basis in every respect for the issu- 
ance of the city certificate of the corresponding 
class. 



Credentials for Certificates 31 

4. Professional State Certificates. 

(a) A professional state certificate, based on 
examination, will be accepted as academic prep- 
aration for a city certificate of any class, pro- 
vided that for the high school the holder must 
show academic knowledge of at least one year 
in advance of that for which certification to 
teach is desired. It will be accepted as profes- 
sional preparation only so far as the experience 
of the holder will justify. 

(b) A professional state certificate, based up- 
on graduation from a standard normal school, 
will be accepted as academic preparation for a 
city certificate of any class, provided that for 
the high school the holder must have had aca- 
demic instruction of at least one year in advance 
of the subject for which certification to teach 
is desired. It will be accepted as professional 
preparation for such class of city certificate as 
the professional instruction received or the ex- 
perience of the holder will justify. 

(c) A professional state certificate based on 
graduation from a standard college or university 
requiring four years' work above a four year 
high school course will be accepted as academic 
preparation for a city certificate of any elas>g. 
It will be accepted as professional preparation 
for such class of city certificates, or for such 
departments in the high school as the profes- 
sional instruction received or the experience of 
the holder will justify. 

5. College Graduation. 

A second grade city state certificate may be 
granted to the graduate of a college or univer- 
sity who has had one year of successful teach- 
ing experience or twelve hours in education. 

6. Experience in Teaching. 

On the high school certificate, experience in 
teaching a given subject may be accepted as 
evidence of academic 'preparation in that sub- 



iii mi ij ■•!■ in ■■■ i ■■! i i umimiiii— — m 



32 Validity of Certificates 

ject The applicant must submit satisfactory 
evidence of two semesters' successful teaching 
to entitle him to one semester's academic or 
college credit in the desired subject. If teach- 
ing within Nebraska, his work must be approved 
by the inspector of accredited schools for the 
University of Nebraska or by the inspector of 
normal training for the state department. 



Note 1: The high school departments are: English, 
Latin, German, Greek, French, History, Mathe- 
matics, Commerce, Political Science, Biological Sci- 
ence, Physical Science and Normal Training. 

Note 2: The principal of a high school in which the 
city superintendent devotes less than half his time 
to teaching must hold at least the first grade high 
school certificate. If the principal does no teach- 
ing he must have the superintendent certificate. 

Note 3: A standard normal school is one whose re- 
quirements for graduation are based on the com- 
pletion of the four year high school course above 
the eighth grade and two years' additional work, 
including a thorough review of the common 
branches and training in a practice school. 

Note 4: A standard college or university is one 
whose requirements for graduation are based on 
the completion of the four year high school course 
above the eighth grade and the completion of 125 
semester hours in which the number of class hours 
shall not exceed 20 a week. 

VALIDITY OF CERTIFICATES. 

1. For how long valid: The second grade city 
certificate of any class shall be good not to ex- 
ceed one year. The first grade certificate of any 

class shall be good not to exceed three years. 
The professional certificate of any class shall be 
good for life, provided that the holder meets 
the conditions of Rule 4 under reissuing certifi- 
cates. 

2. In what place valid: City certificates are 
compulsory in all cities whose schools are gov- 
erned under the provisions of Subd. XIV. City 
certificates are valid in all graded schools organ- 
iezd under Subd. VI, provided they are recorded 
with the county superintendent. They may be 



Fees for Registration 33 

recorded for use in schools organized under 
Subd. Ill, for the subjects shown on the cer- 
tificates. 

3. In what grades valid: A kindergarten cer- 
tificate shall entitle the holder to teach in the 
kindergarten and in the first and second grades. 
A primary certificate shall entitle the holder to 
teach in any grade from the first to the sixth, in- 
clusive. A grammar certificate shall entitle the 
holder to teach in any grade from the third to 
the eighth, inclusive. A high school certificate 
shall entitle the holder to teach in the seventh 
and eighth grades and in the subjects in the high 
school for which the certificate is granted. A 
special supervisor certificate shall entitle the 
holder to teach and supervise the subjects for 
which it is granted in all grades and in the high 
school. A superintendent certificate shall entitle 
the holder to supervise a city high school, or a 
system of city schools, and teach in the high 
school. 

FEES AND REGISTRATION. 

1. Each applicant for a city state certificate 
shall pay a fee of one dollar to the state super- 
intendent to defray the expense of examination 
and the cost of issuing the professional certifi- 
cate. The fee must accompany the application. 
An additional fee of one dollar is required for 
each second or first grade city state certificate 
issued. _. 

2. To register for an examination the appli- 
cant must fill out the enrollment blank, pay the 
fee of one dollar, and secure an examination 
number from the conductor. This number, for 
the purpose of identification, must appear on 
every answer manuscript submitted. A county 
certificate number must not be used for life and 
city certificate subjects. 

3. A registration entitles the applicant to 
write on all subjects required for a city certifi- 



■-■ fa* 



34 Examination Program 

cate of any grade, provided the work is com- 
pleted within three years from the date of such 
registration. A new number is necessary for 
each examination date, but no additional fee is 
required if the applicant is writing on a subject 
for the first time. 

4. An applicant may have any manuscript re- 
examined for error in marking by the payment 
of fifty cents for each subject. In case an error 
in his favor is discovered the fee will be re- 
funded and the error corrected. 

5. City certificates are recorded in the state 
department When issued and no additional re- 
cording is necessary unless the holder desires to 
teach in a school governed by Subd. VI. In that 
event it must be recorded with the county super- 
intendent and the legal fee paid. 

6. Each teacher employed in a school under 

Subd. XIV shall pay an annual institute fee of 

one dollar to the city superintendent. This fee 

shall be deposited with the secretary of the 

board of education to be expended only for the 

purpose of maintaining a city teachers' institute 

under such regulations as may be prescribed by 

the state superintendent. 

Note: The purpose of this rule is to develop a good 
system of city institutes. 

EXAMINATION PROGRAM. 

List A (Academic subjects). 

First Day, a. m. — Chemistry, general history. 

First Day, p. m. — English literature, plane 
trigonometry, zoology. 

Second Day, a. m.— Geology, physical geogra- 
phy. 

Second Day, p. m. — Psychology, rhetoric. 
List B (Professional subjects). 

Second Day, a. m. — Child study, history of ed- 
ucation, industrial education, moral education, 
primary methods, grammar methods. 

Second Day, p. m.— Psychology, school hy- 
giene, school management, theory of education. 



Requirements for Central State 
Certificates 

CLASSES: Educational Institutions; State Su- 
perintendent of Public Instruction. 

GRADES: Elementary or Second Grade; First 
Grade; Professional. 

Note: General state certificates are not valid in 
schools governed by Subd. XIV of the School Laws. 
For their use as credentials to obtain city certifi- 
cates, see rules on recognition for the city state 
certificate. 

A. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 

I. STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS AND RECOG- 
NIZED SCHOOLS. 

Elementary or Second Grade: 

1. Completion of elementary course of Ne- 
braska state normal or equivalent in ap- 
proved Nebraska school. 

2. Grades in ail first grade county certifi- 
cate subjects. 

3. Certificates from approved schools signed 
by state superintendent. 

4. Recorded with county superintendent. 

Note: This certificate is equivalent to the first grade 
county for all credential purposes. 

First Grade: 

1. Graduation from Nebraska state normal 
higher course or equivalent in approved 
Nebraska school. 

2. Certificates from approved schools signed 
by state superintendent. 

3.- Recorded with county superintendent. 

Prof essional : 

1. Graduation from Nebraska state normal 
higher course or equivalent in approved 
Nebraska school. 



36 Rules Governing Issuance 

2. Three years' experience before gradua- 
tion or two years after graduation, if from 
state normal school. Otherwise three years' 
experience. 

3. Countersigned by state superintendent. 

4. Recorded with county superintendent. 

II. UNIVERSITY OP NEBRASKA AND REC- 
OGNIZED COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY. 
First Grade: 

1. Degree of B. A. or B. S. from University 
of Nebraska or a recognized Nebraska 
college or university. 

2. Completion of University of Nebraska 
course for special training of teachers, 
or the equivalent in approved Nebraska 
college or university. 

3. Recorded with county superintendent. 
Professional : 

1. Degree of B. A. or B. S. from University 
of Nebraska or a Nebraska college or uni- 
versity recognized on same basis. 

2. Completion of University of Nebraska 
course for special training of teachers, or 
the equivalent. 

3. Three years' experience teaching in the 
public schools. 

4. Countersigned by state superintendent. 

5. Recorded by the county superintendent. 



Rules Governing Issuance 37 

RULES GOVERNING ISSUANCE. 

General rules governing the issuance of state 
certificates by educational institutions are given 
under the following heads. Entrance Conditions; 
Graduation Requirements; Inspection and Ap- 
proval. 

Entrance Conditions. 

1. No one can be legally admitted to a stand- 
ard normal school on less than two years of high 
school training, or the equivalent of 15 high 
school credits. 

2. Students are eligible to enter the teachers' 
training course of the standard normal on the 
completion of three years of high school work, 
or the equivalent of 22 high school credits. 

3. For admission to the regular junior year 
of a standard normal school, the student must 
present 30 credits, which represent the comple- 
tion of the four years ' course of the Nebraska 
accredited high school. 

4. Students are admitted to the lowest classes 
carried by the standard college or university on 
the completion of the course of the three years 
accredited high school, or the equivalent of from 
22 to 27 high school credits. 

5. Students are eligible to enter the freshman 
year of the standard college or university on 
presentation of 30 credits, which represent the 
completion of the four years 5 course of the Ne- 
braska accredited high school. 

Graduation Requirements. 

1. To secure from the standard normal school 
the second grade or elementary state certificate, 
the student must have grades in all subjects 
required on the first grade county certificate and 
must have completed the teachers' training 
course. This certificate may be reissued on the 



I 



38 Rules Governing Issuance 

completion of 24 weeks' additional satisfactory 
work. 

2. To secure from the standard normal school 
the first grade state certificate the student must 
have completed the four year course of an ac- 
credited high school, or its equivalent, and two 
years of advanced work embracing not less than 
50 college hours ' credit exclusive of drills and 
reviews. 

3. The first grade state certificate issued by 
the standard normal school is converted into a 
professional certificate when countersigned by 
the state superintendent on evidence of at least 
three years' successful teaching experience on 
the part of the holder. 

4. To secure from the standard college or uni- 
versity the first grade state certificate the stu- 
dent must have completed the four year course 
of an accredited high school, or its equivalent, 
and must have earned 125 college hours' credit, 
15 of which must have been taken in education 
as required in the teachers' college of the Uni- 
versity of Nebraska. 

5. The first grade state certificate issued by 
the standard college or university is converted 
into a professional certificate when countersign- 
ed by the state superintendent on evidence of at 
least three years' successful teaching experience 
on the part of the holder. 

Inspection and Approval. 

1. All applications for certificates from ap- 
proved normal schools must, by law, be passed 
upon and approved by the state board of in- 
spectors. The state board of education has ruled 
that certificates and diplomas issued by the state 
normal schools must pass the same inspection. 



^ 



Rules Governing Issuance 39 

2. The law requires that all applications for 
certificates from approved colleges and universi- 
ties must secure the approval of the state board 
of inspectors. The regents of the University of 
Nebraska require applications for certificates 
from the Teachers' College to pass the same in- 
spection. 

3. As a further safeguard all certificates issu- 
ed by educational institutions approved on the 
basis of the state normal schools must also re- 
ceive the signature of the state superintendent of 
public instruction. 

B. STATE SUPERINTENDENT. 

Credentials from Another State: 

1. Holder of a professional state certificate 
from another state, at discretion of state 
superintendent. 

2. Recorded with county superintendent. 

Normal School Credentials: 

1. Diploma from state normal school of an- 
other state conferring the right to teach 
for life. 

2. Recorded with county superintendent. 

College or University Credentials: 

rl. Degree of B. A. or B. S. from standard 
college or university in Nebraska or any 
other state. 

2. Holder of county first grade certificate. 

3. Three years' successful teaching in Ne- 
braska public schools. 

4 Recorded with county superintendent. 

By Examination: 

Note: Rules governing- registration and fees same as 

for city certificates. See page 33. 
Examination program, p. 34. 



i . I ,., , <I M i { t i 



40 Rules Governing Issuance 

1. Grades earned in chemistry, English litera- 
ture, general history, geology, physical 
geography, plane trigonometry, psychology, 
rhetoric and zoology. 

Note: After March 1, 1913, a candidate may earn a 
grade in general history by passing the examina- 
tion in general history, ancient history, or medie- 
val and modern history. The three lists of ques- 
tions will be submitted. 

2. Holder of county first grade certificate. 

3. One year's experience teaching in Nebraska 
public schools. 

4. Recorded with county superintendent. 



Reciprocal Relations Established by 
the Salt Lake City Convention 

The conference of the chief state school offi- 
cers of the north-central and western states 
adopted the following principles governing the 
recognition of diplomas from standard colleges 
and universities situated in other states, and of 
certificates issued in other states. 

Recognition of Diplomas and Certificates. 

Diplomas or certificates subject to interstate 
recognition shall enjoy the same privileges as 
similar certificates or diplomas in the state 
wherein recognition is sought. 

RECOGNITION OF CREDITS SECURED UPON 
EXAMINATION BY STATE AUTHORITIES. 

Credits shall be accepted when secured in ac- 
cordance with the following requirements: 

1 Credits obtained by examination for the 
corresponding grade of certificate, provided the 
examination questions are prepared and answer 
papers graded by the state department of educa- 
tion, shall be accepted subject for subject. Pro- 
vided: That the passing standing shall not be 
less than 80 per cent in any subject; provided 
further, that in determining the corresponding 
grade of certificate this recognition of credits 
shall apply to any certificate regardless of terri- 
torial restrictions in the state wherein the cer- 
tificate was issued. 

2. Equivalent credits for any subject or sub- 
jects may be accepted at the discretion of the 
proper authority of the state wherein recognition 
is sought. 



I- ■■ I. 



42 Reciprocal Relations 

3. Credits for successful experience may be 
allowed in accordance with the regulations in 
force in the state where recognition is sought. 

RECOGNITION OF DIPLOMAS OR CERTIFI- 
CATES FROM STANDARD NORMAL 
SCHOOLS. 

By a standard normal school is meant a school 
meeting the following requirements: 

1. For entrance, four years' work above the 
eighth grade in an accredited secondary school. 

i2 For graduation therefrom, two years' ad- 
ditional work, including a thorough review of 
the common branches and training in a practice 
school. 

3. The maintenance of a well equipped train- 
ing school for observation and practice, such 
school to cover work in the eight elementary 
grades. 

4. The total attendance in the secondary 
school and in the normal school shall be 216 
weeks above the eighth grade, provided, that any 
normal school may accept satisfactory credits 
covering twenty weeks' work above the eighth 
grade. 

RECOGNITION OF DIPLOMAS FROM STAND- 
ARD COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES. 

A diploma from a standard college or univer- 
sity granted upon the completion of a 120 hour 
course including 15 hours in education shall be 
recognized. 

Definition of a standard college or university. 
To be considered a standard college, all of the 
following conditions must be fully met: 
. 1 The completion of a four year secondary 
course above the eighth grade shall be required 
for college entrance. 

2. The completion of 120 semester hours shall 



Reciprocal Relations 43 

be required for graduation. 

3. The number of class hours for the heads 
of departments and for students shall not ex- 
ceed 20 a week. 

4. A faculty properly qualified shall consist 
entirely of graduates of standard colleges and 
each head of a department shall hold at least 
a master's degree from a standard college or 
have attained eminent success as a teacher, 
which success shall be determined by the chief 
state school officer of the state in which the 
institution is located. 

5. The library shall consist of at least 5,000 
volumes, selected with reference to college sub- 
jects and exclusive of public documents. 

6. The laboratory equipment shall be suffi- 
cient to establish efficient laboratories in all 
laboratory courses offered. 

7. The means of support is defined as requir- 
ing a permanent endowment of not less than 
$200,000, or an assured fixed annual income ex- 
clusive of tuition of at least $10,000; provided 
that this requirement shall not be mandatory 
until five years after the institution has been rec- 
ognized. The college must maintain at least 
seven separate departments or chairs in the arts 
and sciences. In case the pedagogical work of 
the institution is to be accepted for certification, 
the college must maintain at least eight chairs, 
one of which shall be devoted exclusively to edu- 
cation or at least to philosophy,' including psy- 
chology and education. The head of each de- 
partment shall, in no case, devote less than 
three-fifths of his time to college work. 

Note: The rules governing the issuance of certifi- 
cates in Nebraska carry out the above principles 
and suggestions. 



—■Hi I. j| 



44 Standard Colleges and Normal Schools 



STANDARD COLLEGES AND NORMAL 
SCHOOLS IN NEBRASKA 

1913 

BELLEVUE COLLEGE Bellevue 

CHADRON STATE NORMAL SCHOOL..Chadron 

COTNER UNIVERSITY Bethany 

CREIGHTON UNIVERSITY Omaha 

DANA COLLEGE Blair 

DOANE COLLEGE Crete 

FREMONT NORMAL SCHOOL... Fremont 

GRAND ISLAND COLLEGE Grand Island 

HASTINGS COLLEGE Hastings 

IMMACULATE CONCEPTION ACADEMY 

. Hastings 

KEARNEY STATE NORMAL SCHOOL..Kearney 

LUTHER COLLEGE Wahoo 

NEBRASKA WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY 

University Place 

PERU STATE NORMAL SCHOOL Peru 

UNION COLLEGE College View 

UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA Lincoln 

UNIVERSITY OF OMAHA Omaha 

WAYNE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL Wayne 

YORK COLLEGE York 



INDEX 

Academic subjects, 21. 

Certificates — See city certificates, county certifi- 
cates, institutional certificates, general state 
certificates. 

Certificates from another state, 15, 39. 

City certificates — See kindergarten, primary, 
grammar, high school, special supervisor, su- 
perintendent — Academic subjects, 21; classes of 
21; credits accepted, 29; examinations, 29, 33; 
fees, 33; program, 34; regulations, 28; experi- 
ence, 21; grades, 21; institute fee, 34; issuance 
of, 28; lapse, 30; professional subjects, 21; rec- 
ognition of credentials, 30; recording, 34; reg- 
istration, 17, 33; reissue, 29; special methods, 
21; subjects required, 21; validity, 18, 32. 

College graduation, 17, 31, 39. 

College hours' credit, 25, 29. 

Collusion, 11. 

County certificates — Credentials, 16, 30; date of 
issuance, 10, 19; examination, passing grades, 
12, program, 12, rights terminate, 20, rules 
governing, 10; fees, 19; grades, 8; normal 
training required, 8; registration, 19; reissue, 
13; subjects required, 8; transferring grades, 
14; validity, 8. 

Credentials, 16, 30, 39. 

Credits, 15, 29. 

Date of county certificates, 10, 19. 

Diploma, recognition, 16, 39. 

Elementary certificate — Conversion into county, 
16, recognition, 28, 30; recording, 19, 35; val- 
idity, 18. 



46 Index 

Emergency county certificate — Examination, 9; 

fee, 20; granted by, 9; validity, 9, 13, 18. 
Error, 12, 20, 34. 

Examination — City certificate, 33; program, 34. 
Examination county certificates — Passing grades, 

i!2; program, 12; rights terminate, 20; rules 

governing, 10. 

Examination general state certificate, 39; pro- 
gram, 34. 

Examinations at institutions, 19. 

Experience, 21; academic credit for, 31. 

Pees and registration, 19, 33, 39. 

First grade city state certificates — 22-27; exam- 
ination, 28, 34; fees and registration, 33; re^- 
issue, 30; validity, 32. 

First grade county certificate — Issued on dip- 
loma, 17; normal training, 8; recognition of, 
30; reissue, 13; subjects required, 8; validity, 

8, 18. 

First grade state certificate — Recognition of, 16, 
30; recording, 19, 35, 36; validity, 18. 

Five essentials, 15. 

General state certificates — Classes, 35; examina- 
tion, 34, 39; grades, 35; lapse, 18; issued by 
educational institutions, 35, by state superin- 
tendent, 39; recognition, 30; recording, 19; 
rules governing, 37; validity, 18, 35. 

Grammar certificate, 24. 

High school certificate, 25. 
High school departments, 32. 

Institutional certificates, 35. 

Issuance of city certificates, 28; county certifi- 
cates—date of, 10, 19; report on, 10; general 
state certificates, 35. 



Index 

Kindergarten certificates, 32. 

Life certificates, 22-27; 35, 36, 39. 

Normal school certificates, 35, 39 — See general 
state certificates. 

Normal training, grades accepted, 15; required, 
8. 

Permit, 9, 13, 18. 

Preface, 4. 

Primary certificate, 23. 

Principal of high school, 25, 32. 

Professional certificates, 22-27, 35, 36, 39 — Lapse, 

18, 30; recognition, 31; recording, 19, 35, 36, 

39; validity, 18.* 

Professional subjects, 21. 
Professional work, test of, 14. 

Reading circle, 13, 14. 
Reciprocal relations, 41. 
Recognition of credentials, 16, 30, 39. 
Recognition of diplomas and certificates, 39, 41. 
Recording of certificates, 19, 35, 36, 39. 
Registration, 19, 33, 39. 

Reissue, city certificates, 29; county certificates, 
13. 

Salt Lake City conference, 41. 

Second grade city state certificates, 22-27; exam- 
ination, 28, 34; fees and registration, 33; re- 
issue, 29; validity, 32. 

Second grade county certificate — Normal train- 
ing, 8; recognition, 28, 30; reissue, 13; subjects 
required, 8; validity, 8, 18. 



.■"...■_.-...-.,,., -• ■ ■ , 



48 Index 

Second grade state certificate — Conversion into 
city, 30, into county, 16; recording, 19; valid- 
ity, 18. 

Special methods, 31, 22-27. 

Special supervisor certificate, 26. 

Standard college, 32, 42, 44; normal school, 32, 
4,2, 44. 

State certificate's — See city certificates, general 
state certificates, institutional certificates. 

Superintendent certificate, 27. 

Teachers — Contract, 5„ 6; discharge, 7; election, 
6; employment, 5; qualified, 5. 

Temporary permit — Form, 9; validity, 9, 13, 18. 

Third grade county certificate — Reissue, 13; sub- 
jects required, 8; validity, 8, 9, 18. 
Transferring certificate grades, 14. 

University certificates, 36, 39. See general state 
certificates, 35. 

Validation of certificates, 29. 
Validity of certificates, 8, 9, 18, 32, 35. 



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